Solving The Problem Of An Aging Prison Population

Solving the Problem of an Aging Prison Population Joshua N. Handy American Military University Abstract The American correctional system is facing many emerging issues. One of these issues is the exponential increase in aging offenders. In the past few decades, the number of geriatric offenders incarcerated has multiplied at an increasing rate. This essay addresses the issue of aging offenders in the correctional system; the problems that these offenders create and the underlying issues related to the aging prisoner population as they relate to correctional management. This essay also proposes a solution to the problem. Solving the Problem of an Aging Prison Population The United States of America has the largest corrections system in the world. The incarceration rate in the U.S. is over one in every one hundred citizens, the highest ratio in the world. The population of prisoners is expanding at a rate at which the U.S. correction system can just manage. The introductions of â€Å"three strikes†, tougher sentences, and mandatory minimum sentence laws have vastly contributed to growth in prison population. Inmates serving mandatory longer sentences are a part of one the biggest growing concerns with the American correctional system, an aging population with increased needs. Between 1981 and 2010, the number of U.S. prisoners age 55 and over increased from 8,853 to 124,900 (Criminal Justice Hub, n.d.). If the problem is not addressed and the rate continues to grow, byShow MoreRelatedHow Can Society Assist Successful Aging?1586 Words   |  7 Pagesin your prime, and wonder where that person w ent. As your wisdom and experience are peaking, your traitorous body becomes a prison.† This curse of mortality causes great anxiety and grief in many individuals in their later stages of life. With an aging population, and life expectancy higher than it has ever been, a question remains - how can society assist successful aging? This question or quest has been a topic of great interest within the last decade. Brain-training is an approach that has risenRead MoreImpacts of an Aging Population1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe impacts of an aging population on a country An aging population is where the population of a country is of a high elderly dependence. There are three main ways to split the ways they are sorted and these are Social, the ways in which the elderly population affect the people around them, political, the ways in which the elderly population affect the politics of a country, and finally, economic, the ways in which the elderly population affect the wealth of the country. Social impacts can beRead MoreThe Second Largest Prison System2166 Words   |  9 PagesCalifornia has the third largest prison system in the world and the largest in the United States. To understand how California got to this point in prison reform, you have to go back as far as 1994 when Proposition 184 was approved by voters with a 72% majority vote. Proposition 184 was the strictest three strikes sentencing law in the United States, which doubled the penalty for a second felony if the first one was serious or violent and carried a mandatory prison sentence of 25 years to life forRead MoreJadm 430 Complete Course - Devry ( All Assignments - Dqs and Midterm Exam)3666 Words   |  15 Pagescom/JADM-430-Complete-Course-DeVry-1211112.htm?categoryId=-1 If You Face Any Problem E- Mail Us At JohnMate1122@gmail.com Course Project: Managing the Prison Environment Objectives Back to Top The Course Project is designed to provide you with an opportunity to research a topic of interest related to some aspect of correctional administration. This project is an effort to allow you to fully explore issues related to either correctional officials or prison inmates. This project incorporates all TCOs. Guidelines Read MoreSocial Works Role 1288 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as research, planning, or policy developments and advocacy† (â€Å"Job Duties and†, 2014). Social workers should have the following important qualities about them: †¢ Compassion †¢ Interpersonal skills †¢ Listening skills †¢ Organizational skills †¢ Problem solving †¢ Time management It is in the social workers duties to follow the five ethical principles required by the National Association of Social Workers (NASW). The five ethical principles include service, social justice, dignity / worth of a personRead MorePersonal Narrative : Future Of Nursing1521 Words   |  7 Pagesadministration† (telehealth, 2015). This method of practice involves a medical, nursing, and health IT team to provide quality health care ensuring both patients and nurse has access to each other. Telehealth practice currently exists in ICU care, hospitals, prisons, psychiatrics, rehabilitation, pediatrics, obstetrics, commercial insurance, military, and internationally. As the trunk, telehealth branches out to other applications as well such as telediagnosis, teleconsultion, telemonitoring, telerehabilitationRead MoreThe Mental Illness Of Mental Health3043 Words   |  13 Pagesproviding or obtaining treatment and how the questions are worded among other factors. Reasons for using sensitive questioning The main reason as to why one may opt to use such a discussion with a person with mental illness is to understand their problems, the challenges they encounter and assess the risks they create to themselves or others and the society as a whole. Some of the risks that they may face include self-harm, suicide or harm others. By knowing the dangers, they may pose; one can easilyRead Moreeffect of workforce diversity on employee performance in anorganization6665 Words   |  27 Pagessupport and God bless. â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii ABSTRACT ix CHAPTER ONE 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 2 1.3 GENERAL OBJECTIVE 3 1.3.1 Specific objective 3 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS: 3 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 4 1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS 5 CHAPTER TWO 6 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 INTRODUCTION 6 2.2 THEORETICALRead MoreState Health Policy Analysis8008 Words   |  33 Pagesagencies, the various foundations of health insurance plans and Centers for Medicaid and Medicare. Other groups that have a stake in how health policy is formed for the State department of health, mental health and public health advocates. The problem is many States have high unemployment rates and loss of income have led many people to turn to Medicaid for their health coverage. Unfortunately the rate that the States have collected tax revenue has gone down and enrollments of Medicaid and theRead MoreEssay about Argentina4537 Words   |  19 Pagesimplementation of special executive authority to deal with violence. This allowed the government to imprison persons indefinitely without charge. Peron died on July 1, 1974. His wife succeeded him in office, but her administration was undermined by economic problems, Peronist intraparty struggles, and growing terrorism from both left and right. A military coup removed her from office on March 24, 1976. Until December 10, 1983, the armed forces formally exercised power through a junta composed of the three service

The Origins Of Species By Charles Darwin - 983 Words

After Charles Darwin published the Origins of Species, society began to turn away from religion and towards science to justify slavery and segregation by seeking out physiological and psychological differences between Blacks and Whites (Parks Heard, 2009). Physiologically, some Whites argued that black people were the missing link between apes and humans. Psychologically, others like Frances Galton proposed his theory of eminence, or the notion that certain abilities, many of them psychological in nature, could be inherited, just as physical characteristics are (Galton, 1892). In collecting data from 12 separate groups from well to do white men, Galton (1892) concluded that the most influential men had at least one influential relative and therefore, their successful positions in life were due to genetic eminence or a predisposition for a high social rank. Even though Galton (1892) ignored environmental influences that could shape eminence and intelligence, he attracted followers ev en more than a hundred years later. This includes Arthur Jensen, Charles Murray, and Richard Herrnstein and their theories that black people were an inferior race because their IQ scores are significantly lower than white people’s IQ scores (Jensen, 1969; Herrnstein Murray, 1994). Supporters of these theories, once again, latched on to tactics of dehumanization in order to justify black oppression without considering how this oppression shapes an individual’s mind and behavior. Just as GaltonShow MoreRelatedOn the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin1148 Words   |  5 PagesOn November 24th, 1859, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life by Charles Darwin (renamed On the Origin of Species 13 years later) was published in London, England. In it, Charles Darwin specified his observations and gave his insight on what he thought caused evolution. He called it natural selection. Before this, nearly everyone believed that a single God created every living organism that none of them had changedRead MoreThe Origin Of Species By Charles Darwin868 Words   |  4 Pagesinanimate Polymorphic-different forms or types in organisms of the same species. Potent-something of great power or influence. Vigorous-healthy or strong. Volition-choosing or making a decision. B) 1. The text was written by Charles Darwin, who is renowned for his theory of evolution. Besides his book The Origin of Species, he also wrote Voyage of the Beagle and The Descent of Man to name a few. Credence should be given to Charles Darwin for his contributions to the evolution theory and for serving asRead MoreThe Origin Of Species By Charles Darwin1689 Words   |  7 Pagesmain book where we get out information about evolution is in Origin of Species’ by Charles Darwin. In his book, Darwin introduced the concept of evolution by natural selection. Natural selection is the process in which the organisms which are better suited for their environment. According to Darwin, there are four major points to natural selection. The first point is overproduction, indicating that more offspring survive, meaning the species would survive longer. Then, there s genetic variation. TheRead MoreThe Origin Of Species By Charles Darwin898 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Darwin is perhaps one of the most well known men of science to this date. He’s most known for his theory of evolution and in particular, natural selection. His most famous works, and one of his most controversial works as well, was his book titled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Darwin wrote the Origin of Species after an almost five-year voyage aboard the H.M.S. Beagle. While aboard the beagle, DarwinRead MoreOn The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin915 Words   |  4 PagesHuman evolution has been of interest to people for quite some time. Even though in the publication of On The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin in 1859 human evolution was not specifically mentioned, only that light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history, Darwin did argue for the evolution of new species from older ones (1). Since then, interest in evolution, and especially human evolution, has been growing. An example of on e of the first debates about human evolution is the debateRead MoreThe Origin of The Species by Charles Darwin Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesDarwinism is a theory developed by Charles Darwin with the help of many others. It states that natural selection is the most common cause of evolution. All species of organisms arise and grow through the natural selection of inherited variations that help increase the individuals ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. 1735 Carolus Linnaeus: He believed that God had created the world in a divine order from the simplest creatures up to human beings. He said God created struggle andRead MoreThe Origins of the Species by Charles Darwin Essay examples2012 Words   |  9 Pagesmystery, death, supernatural and horror. But as all the literary genres it underwent a transition. In the nineteenth century, the coming of Queen Victoria to the throne, the introduction of new scientific theories, the publication of The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin and industrialization modified the structures of society , its motivation, and believes. This influenced the genre, creating a new literary movement: Victorian Gothic, and therefore also the novels written in these different periodsRead MoreAfter Sir Charles Darwin had introduced his original theory about the origins of species and700 Words   |  3 PagesAfter Sir Charles Darwin had introduced his original theory about the origins of species and evolution, hu manity’s faith in God that remained undisputed for hundreds of years had reeled. The former unity fractured into the evolutionists, who believed that life as we see it today had developed from smaller and more primitive organisms, and creationists, who kept believing that life in all its diversity was created by a higher entity. Each side introduced substantial arguments to support their claimsRead MoreAnalysis Of Charles Darwin s The Origin Of Species Declared That Human Beings Developed Overtime From More Simple Forms843 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1859, Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species declared that human beings developed overtime from more simple forms. Evolution suggested that the human species originated from ape-like creatures and gradually changed in structure. Essentially, given the changing patterns of weather and environment, the species had to acquire new skills and adapt to survive. Those that could not change were eliminated in a process that is known as Natural Selection (Larson 47). The Evolution theory,Read MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of The Creation Of Species1560 Words   |  7 PagesJustus English 2 Mr. Johnson 2/16/15 Project Eagle Final Paper: Charles Darwin Charles Darwin has become Christianity’s greatest enemy with his theories of the creation of species and has caused people to turn their backs on faith and look to science to be their religion. The way in which Darwin describes the creation of species in The Origin of Species does not agree with how species are created in Christian teachings. Charles Darwin’s theories have impacted so many different aspects of life

Relations Of Arts In Business Essay Example For Students

Relations Of Arts In Business Essay The arts play a vital role in helping us find our authentic voice, and remembering who we are as human beings. People trust and respect leaders who show their humanity and believe when we are in touch With our humanity, we envision better futures, and make wiser decisions. -Linda Anima The arts are emerging as a role model for business and government organizations because the arts excel in areas where managers struggle the most: chaos, diversity, ambiguity, envisioning the future and the ability to dare to break molds. Wall Street Journal 8/19/03). Business has much to learn from the arts, Studying the arts can help business people communicate more eloquently Studying the arts can also help companies learn how to manage bright people.. Studying the art world might even hold out the biggest prize of all-helping business become more innovative. Companies are scouring the world for new ideas. In their quest for creativity, they surely have something to learn from the creative industries . Schumacher Blob on arts based learning in were Art of Management The Economist February 2011 Unlocking creative potential is key to economic growth Creativity is not the mystical attribute reserved for the lucky few. Creativity is a process that can be developed and managing Generating innovative ideas is both a function of the mind, and a function of behaviors, behaviors anyone an put into practice. Creativity begins faith a foundation of knowledge, learning a discipline, and mastering whole brain thinking. We learn to be creative by experimenting, exploring, questioning assumptions, using imagination and synthesizing information. Arts Based Learning Activities Arts based activities include drawing, painting, storytelling, theatre improvisation, photography and poetry. Art-based activities can be used strategically to create safety, build trust, find shared values, shift perceptions. Mine group gold, extract meaningful creativity. And generate breakthrough ideas - by combining right. Rain imagination with left-brain logic and analysis. Art- based learning can be applied to Developing the Artful Leader Whole-Brain Creativity Innovation Improving collaboration and teamwork Values creation and meaningful work Appreciative Inquiry and leading change Corporate retreats: Hosting Strategic Conversations Meetings and Think Tanks Capacity building in creativity and innovation Design-Thinking as a Strategy for Innovation Learning Outcomes Benefits: Art is an invitation to have a conversation, It is a potent catalyst for a deeper inquiry into business issues, providing the means for ;artful reflection Find hared values quickly and without aggravating debate. Prototype possibilities for developing new products / services. Rehearse what if options that lead to meaningful insights regarding change. Creativity and innovation skills development Aesthetic experience helps leaders make tacit knowledge visible; e. G. Patterns, processes and relationships. Foster an appreciation for diverse and pluralistic points Of view. Reduce meeting time costs. Envision the future direction Of your company, gain consensus with little conflict and drive sweater from the top down and bottom up, in less than one day. Co. Create a mural to map out our strategies. This becomes a road map to your future. Foster an innovation ecosystem A Context for Arts-eased Learning for Business To understand the process of creative genius, it is valid for business people to look at the model of the artist. The business of the artist is to create, navigate opportunity, explore possibility, and master creative breakthrough. We need to restore art, the creation of opportunity, to business. -Broadened (1998) The worlds of the arts and business are formulating a new relationship, distinct from the traditional models of entertainment or sponsorship. As Mina packing, a encore violinist and cultural ambassador to Slovenia, argues: The world of arts must be rescued out of the prison of entertainment and the world of business must be led out of the desert of dullness of meaning! In this new relationship, art is a role model for business, since all great art pushes boundaries beyond the established norms. Thus, it can teach us about aesthetics, ambiguity, diversity, chaos, change, courage, and complexity. According to British aestheticism, Sir Herbert Read, The artists task is to break through the limitations of previously codified knowledge, to lead humanity to the future. Businesses today want to reek away from their limitations, aim higher, and be a creative force for the greater good Of the world. We need the transformation experiences the arts give us to thrive in a world of change. In ancient cultures, the mystery schools put students through initiations to overcome fear, learn something about their true nature, and gain self- actualization (self-mastery). The arts give us a taste of the mystery and help make sense of the world. The arts take us on adventures in creative expression that help us explore safely unknown territory, overcome fear, and take risks. We can transfer these learning experiences to the workplace. Art-making has an alchemical effect on the imagination. Art takes people out of the realm of analytical thinking and into the realm of silence, reverie, and heightened awareness. In my own work with organizations, Ive noticed this shift in consciousness creates a crucible for deep conversation, from which emerges trust, caring, camaraderie, and genius-level thinking, A shared art experience enhances our sense of belonging and enriches conversation. Linda Anima, Prom Chapter 2, Orchestrating Collaboration at Work (Wiley 2003) The Harvard Business Review (Feb.. 2004) made the astonishing statement that an TVA is he new MBA! It reports that Businesses are realizing that the only way to differentiate their goods and services in todays overstocked, materially abundant marketplace is to make their offerings transcendent - physically beautiful and emotionally compelling. Metrics are not enough. In this market, the ability to con ceptualize is strategically important. The economic future of an organization depends on its ability to create wealth by fostering innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship. Dan Pink, in his book A Whole New Mind (2005), argues that left-brain linear, analytical computer-like thinking are Ewing replaced by right-brain empathy, inventiveness, and understanding as skills most needed by business. Pink points to Asia, automation, and abundance as the reasons behind the shift Pink says Logical and precise, left-brain thinking gave us the Information Age. Now comes the Conceptual Age ruled by artistry, empathy, and emotion. What does this mean for future jobs? Winners are designers, inventors, counselors, ethnographers, social psychologists, and other right. Brain folks, while lawyers, engineers, accountants, and other left- brainier will see their jobs evaporate from outsourcing. In reviewing The Art of Business: Make All Your Work a Work of (Davis, 2005) Tom Peters commented: The authors persuasively argue that we are entering an economy which will value-insist upon! -a new way of looking at value creation. They call it moving from an emphasis on economic flow (input-output) to artistic flow. The altered nature of enterprise, the four elements of new business thinking: See yourself as an artist, See your work as a work of art, See your customers as an audience. See your competition as teachers. Arts-based dialogue at BP NYC Arts-based learning for business We cannot find all the answers to our challenges in the world of the rational, logical, and scientific. Consequently the arts are emerging as a role model for business to adopt. Through art we can make it safe ask the deeper questions that lead to the emotional truth about a situation. Art creates 3 bonding experience that facilitates collaboration and accelerates the ability get to the heart Of a problem. Drawing or painting images illustrates how differently we see things, and helps us appreciate that many points of view contribute to the whole. Images externalities the unconscious and make tacit knowledge visible. Art. Based activities can be used strategically to create safety, build trust find shared values, and shift perceptions. Combining right. Rain imagination with left. Brain logic and analysis increases the capacity for breakthrough ideas and insights that lead to success. What can we learn from the arts that we can apply to business? Management is, above all, a practice where art, science, and craft meet. -Henry Miniature, author and protestor at McGill University. John Solely Brown, dormer director to PARA and chief scientist of Xerox Corporatio n says There are three ways look at (the impact of an art experience]. One is the notion that engaging in these types of activities evoke deeper responses, deeper emotions. Terrorism1 EssayCreativity squires passion and commitment It brings to our awareness what was previously hidden and points to new life. The experience is one of heightened consciousness: ecstasy. - Roll May, The Courage to Create A product is creative when it is (a) novel and (b) appropriate. A novel product is original not predictable. The bigger the concept, and the more the product stimulates further work and ideas, the more the product is creative. -Sternberg Lubber, Defying the Crowd What is Innovation? Innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product, service or process that creates value for business, government or society. Some people say creativity has nothing to do with innovation- that innovation is a discipline, implying that creativity is not. Well, disagree. Creativity is also a discipline, and a crucial part of the innovation equation. There is no innovation without creativity. The key metric in both creativity and innovation is value cr eation, Creativity and Economic Development: We are living in the age of creativity. Daniel Pink in his book A Whole New Mind/Amazon_link (2005) defines Economic Development as: 1. Agriculture Age (farmers) 2. Industrial Age (factory workers) 3. Information Age (knowledge workers) 4. Conceptual Age (creators and amphitheatres) [Amazon_image id=1594481717 target=_blank size=medium IA Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainier Will Rule the Pink argues that left-brain linear, analytical computer-like thinking are being replaced by right-brain empathy, inventiveness, and understanding as skills most needed by business. In other words, creativity gives you a competitive advantage by adding value to your service or product, and differentiating your business from the competition. Without creativity, you are doomed to compete in commodity hell! Creativity is the Most Crucial Factor for Future Success laws 2010 Global CEO study stated: The effects Of rising complexity calls for Coos and their teams to lead With bold creativity, connect with customers in imaginative ways and design their operations for speed and flexibility to position their organizations for twenty-first century success. The Creativity Gap A 2012 Adobe study on creativity shows 8 in 10 people feel that unlocking reiterative is critical to economic growth and nearly two-thirds of respondents feel creativity is valuable to society, yet a striking minority only 1 in 4 people believe they are living up to their own creative potential. Can creativity be learned? The short answer is yes. A study by George Land reveals that we are naturally creative and as we grow up we learn to be uncreative. Creativity is a skill that can he developed and a emcees that can be managed. Creativity begins with a foundation of knowledge, learning a discipline, and mastering a way of thinking, You learn to be creative y experimenting, exploring, questioning assumptions, using imagination and synthesizing information Learning to be creative is akin to learning a sport. It requires practice to develop the right muscles, and a supportive environment in which to flourish, Studies by Clayton M. Christensen and his researchers uncovered The Innovators DNA: Your ability to generate innovative ideas is not merely a function of the mind, but also a function Of five key behaviors that optimize your brain for discovery: 1 Associating: drawing connections been questions, problems, or ideas from unrelated fields 2. Questioning: posing queries that challenge common wisdom 3. Observing: scrutinizing the behavior of customers, suppliers, and competitors to identify new ways Of doing things 4. Networking: meeting people with different ideas and perspectives 5. Experimenting: constructing interactive experiences and provoking unorthodox responses to see what insights emerge Sir Richard Brannon has a mantra that runs through the DNA of Virgin companies. The mantra is A. B-C. D. (Always Be Connecting the Dots). Creativity is a practice, and if you practice using these five discovery skills every ay, you will develop your skills in creativity and innovation. Additional creativity resources: Creativity and Innovation workshops A curate list of creativity tools and techniques Overcoming myths about creativity Beliefs that only special, talented people are creative-and you have to be born that way- diminish our confidence in our creative abilities. The notion that geniuses such as Shakespeare, Picasso and Mozart were gifted is a myth, according to a study at Exeter university. Researchers examined outstanding performances in the arts, mathematics and sports, to find out if the widespread life that to reach high levels of ability a person must possess an innate potential called talent. The study concludes that excellence is determined by: opportunities encouragement training motivation, and most of all-practice. Few showed early signs of promise prior to parental encouragement. No one reached high levels of achievement in their field without devoting thousands of hours of serious training. Mozart trained for 16 years before he produced an a cknowledged master work. Moreover many high performers achieve levels of excellence today that match the capabilities of a Mozart, or a Gold Medalist from he turn of the century. (The Vancouver Sun, Septet, 12/98) Fostering Creativity at Work: Rules tooth Garage Follow these simple rules and you will foster a culture of creativity and innovation: These were defined by HP. Which in fact started in a garage. Believe you can change the world. Work quickly, keep the tools unlocked, work whenever. Know when to work alone and when to work together, Share tools, ideas. Trust your colleagues. No politics No bureaucracy. (These are ridiculous in a garage. ) The customer defines a job well done. Radical ideas are not bad ideas. Invent different ways of working. Make a contribution every day. If it doesnt contribute, it doesnt leave the garage. Believe that together we can do anything. Invent. _1999 HP Annual Report Great Entrepreneurs Are Creative Thinkers Gallup has created a really useful profile on the creative thinker in business. Use the tips below as a coaching tool to help you and your team develop winning ideas, and convert them into successful innovations. Creative business builders are constantly thinking of novel ways to propel their business forward by Saneness Broadway Bad, Ph. D. Highly creative entrepreneurs are rule breakers who dont like to conform to rooms and traditions of the industry. Highly successful entrepreneurs can creatively look beyond the present and imagine possible futures for their company. It you are a Creative Thinker, you are driven to steer your business in new directions. Whether introducing new products and services, entering untapped markets, or initiating innovative technologies or production processes, you are constantly thinking of novel ways to propel your business forward. Comfortable with the unknown and the unfamiliar, you always look for new ways to combine and recombine resources to create innovative solutions for our customers. Your creative action helps you renew your business value proposition and differentiate it from your competitors. It also enables you to disrupt markets by introducing new and unexpected products or by developing novel methods Of doing business. Creative Thinkers are alert to changes in the external business environment - new technologies, shifts in customer needs, industry trends, or competitor actions. You constantly evaluate new possibilities, revise your expectations of the imagined future, and formulate fresh action plans to achieve your goals. This endless cycle Of new information, new opportunities, and new action plans helps you start ventures or grow existing ones. As a Creative Thinker, you are quick to act. You seize opportunities and are usually the first mover in the market. Your unique ability to take an idea and quickly transform it into a business that generates revenue helps you stay ahead of the competition.

Social Inequalities in American Society

Introduction Social inequalities seem to typify the American society. The federal government is desperately attempting to raise the debt ceiling to cover up for high debt due to insufficient revenues. That notwithstanding, it is now apparent that myriads of billionaires and millionaires rarely pay their income taxes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Inequalities in American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is despite making huge incomes from their investments. Conversely, tax evasion amongst the middle and lower class is an offense that invites horrendous punitive measures (Kourvetaris, 1997). How do the rich avoid paying income tax to the government? Have people banded together to counter this source of social inequality? Tax Avoidance by Billionaires There are various ways that the rich are able to avoid taxation. In 2009, the IRS revealed that almost 1,500 billionaires and millionaires in th e country did not pay a single dollar as income tax (Wilkinson Pickett, 2009). First, the billionaires seem to be very philanthropic by contributing to charities and donating to ‘worthy causes’. However, the tax regime dictates that such amounts that go directly to charity and other philanthropic activities are not subject to tax. Hence, many billionaires use this loophole to evade some significant percentage of their income from inviting taxation. Philanthropy has now become a way of improving the billionaires’ public image. Since they are the faces of their establishments and companies, they begin to make more sales and subsequent more profit in the name of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). On the other hand, the middle class seldom make enough income to direct huge amounts to charitable events and organizations. The little they donate contributes a meager percentage of their income implying that the larger portion of their income is subject to taxation. According to Wilkinson Pickett (2009), a middle class and lower classes are subject to an estimate of 35% in tax rate while the wealthy individuals only pay amount less than 17%. Besides, the middle and lower classes are not endowed with incredibly huge business ventures and companies that can invite higher returns because of improved public image (Chowning, 2001). This depicts the class disparities that fuel social inequalities within the American society. The billionaires also evade income taxation by investing in foreign countries. In fact, they are well advised to which country they ought to locate their business. Mainly, they consider countries that charge least amount of income tax on their companies (Shapiro, 2004). According to economists and tax experts, a company operating in foreign land pays the income tax to the host country and is not subject to paying tax in the United States (Bhim Salvatore, 2009). The rationale is that a single company cannot pay twice in terms of income tax. They claim that, if that were to happen, it would result to double taxation.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sidaneus Felicia (1999) explain that the billionaires capitalize on this loophole and invest in countries with high return on investments and low income tax on foreign direct investments. This does not only increase their wealth, it also exempts them from income tax. Take a scenario of a middle and lower class citizens whose wealth cannot allow them to invest in foreign countries. Hence, they invest locally where tax regime is significantly high. They end up paying more income tax for their companies (in terms of percentage of their income) than the billionaires and millionaires. Third, the rich have a tendency of investing in statutory and government bonds. Bhim Salvatore (2009) explicate that such investments bring immense income for the billionaires in t he long term. However, the income is not a subject of taxation and therefore, all the millions that the wealthy make go untaxed. It is worth noting that the government and treasury bonds are very expensive costing millions of dollars. This is dependent on their nature of the bonds. Subsequently, the low-income earners and middle class are unable to afford such bonds that are never a subject of tax (Wilkinson Pickett, 2009). As such, the wealthy continue to become rich while the poor continue to struggle with high rates of inflation, unemployment and high tax rate. This is a source of social inequality. Finally, the billionaires continue to wield huge influence on the policy making process of the government. While government economists and tax experts agree that there is a need for a change in the tax regime, there has been a momentous challenge in introducing the bill to the house. In fact, President’s Obama articulated that it is only reasonable that the billionaires pay mo re tax than the lower income earners. The unseen hand of the billionaires has been apparent, owing to their resistance to agree with Obama’s assertion. The Republicans have opposed the move vehemently saying that it is sparking class wars. This has been acceptable amongst the society’s rich who find no problem with the continued social inequalities that are clearly entrenched in the current tax regime. Have the people banded together against this inequality? At the outset, numerous citizens mainly from the middle and lower classes have criticized the tax regimes. In 2011, numerous civil rights groups announced ‘Occupy the Wall Street Campaign’. There have been other calls to protest against the influence of the rich on the American society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Inequalities in American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While the campaigns have been hugely unsuc cessful, there has been debate about the authenticity of their protests. The budgetary team following the continued calls for change in government and tax policies came with budgetary estimates that seem to have the billionaires pay more taxes than the lower class and poor people in the society. Although this is an indication that the people might win the war in the end, huge challenges remain on the way. The rationale is that not all the billionaires are in agreement with the government’s new directive. This means that they will continue to manipulate the policy-making processes. Conclusion In sum, the United States’ tax regime is a characteristic of social inequality. While the middle and the lower classes of the society struggle to make ends meet, they pay more taxes than renowned billionaires and millionaires. The billionaires have invested in foreign countries where income tax is low and the return on investments is extremely high. Thus, they evade paying income t ax to the federal government due to the current tax regime principles of no double taxation. Besides, they contribute significantly to charitable organizations and give donations, none of which is subject to tax. The billionaires continued investments in statutory and government bonds have seen them make more income that is not taxable. All this coupled with their growing influence on the policy making process has seen massive protests against the rich. The most notable one was ‘Occupy Wall Street Campaign’. References Bhim, A. Salvatore, D. (2009). Social Inequality, Local Leadership and Collective Action: An Empirical Study of Forest Commons. European Journal of Development Research, 21(2), 178-179. Chowning, D. (1971). When Men Revolt and Why: A Reader in Political Violence and Revolution. New York: The Free Press. Kourvetaris, G. (1997). Political Sociology: Structure and Process. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shapiro, T. (2004). The hidden cost of being African- American. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sidaneus, J. Felicia, P. (1999). Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wilkinson, R. Pickett, K. (2009). The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better. Boston, Massachusetts: Allen Lane. 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